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- BUSINESS, Page 38So What Took Them So Long?
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- Bankers give Mexico a modest break on its crushing debt
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- In the seven years since its debt crisis first erupted,
- Mexico has struggled to make the economic reforms demanded by
- its creditors. The government has broken up some state
- monopolies, curbed subsidies and imposed such severe austerity
- measures that the country's standard of living has fallen below
- what it was a decade ago. Yet Mexico's economy has stagnated,
- largely because of its crushing debt burden (current total: $100
- billion).
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- For all its trouble Mexico is finally getting a modest dose
- of debt relief, but whether it will be enough to right the
- country's economy is in question. Last week Mexico and 15 of its
- largest creditor banks said they had reached a tentative
- agreement under which the country will save some $12 billion in
- payments over the next four years on its foreign-bank loans;
- these represent $54 billion of its total debt. Mexico's
- President Carlos Salinas de Gortari hailed the agreement on
- television, declaring, "This is the culmination of one of the
- most difficult, complex and tense financial negotiations ever
- conducted in the history of our country."
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- The Mexican accord is the first concrete result of U.S.
- Treasury Secretary Nicholas Brady's four-month campaign to
- break the impasse on Third World debt by persuading commercial
- banks to accept some cuts in the principal or interest rates of
- their loans. Brady's predecessor, James Baker, whose 1985 debt
- plan provided for no such relief, had failed to ease the
- problem. With the Mexican accord in hand, Brady hopes that
- similar agreements between the banks and other developing
- countries may soon be worked out.
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- Under the new scheme, the commercial banks will have three
- options. They may cut the outstanding balance of their Mexican
- loans by 35%, reduce the interest on such loans from a floating
- rate (which has ranged from 9% to 14% and is currently 9.5%) to
- a fixed level of 6.25%, or provide a 25% increase in credit over
- the next four years. The 15 commercial institutions that took
- part in the negotiations hold the majority of Mexico's
- commercial-bank debt. But for the plan to be effective, the
- banks will have the tough task of persuading 500 of their
- smaller brethren, which carry the rest of the debt, to go along.
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- All told, the plan may provide Mexico with about $4 billion
- in loan reductions, $6 billion in interest-rate reductions and
- $2.5 billion in new credits. That is much less than the 55% debt
- relief, or $29.7 billion, that Mexico originally asked for.
- Under the new agreement, "we shall not see spectacular results
- from night to morning," Salinas acknowledged in his broadcast.
- But the agreement produced an almost immediate benefit in
- restoring some confidence in Mexico's financial stability.
- Domestic interest rates, which had risen to 56% this year, have
- fallen 20 percentage points in the past three weeks because
- financiers anticipated the debt deal. That shift, which will
- reduce Mexico's cost of financing its budget deficits, gives the
- country another much needed boost toward new growth.
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